1. 10 kilograms of carbon dioxide is produced by the 10 buses.
2. 4 liters of fuel is consumed by the 10 buses.
3. 1,800 kilograms of carbon dioxide would by released by the buses and 720 liters of fuel would be consumed.
4. When the buses convert the fossil fuels to atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is a much quicker process than when it happens naturally. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by 30% in the past 200 years since the invention of cars, buses, and other transportation that uses fuels because the produce more CO2.
5. I don't think that the bus idling policy will help the worldwide supply of fossil fuels significantly because it takes more carbon dioxide and energy to turn the buses on and off again and again at each stop.
6. Some people may thing that the bus idling policy is necessary for the students' health and it could be better for the environment. However, since turning on the buses would produce more carbon dioxide and more bus exhaust creating acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming, and other problems, there aren't really any significant benefits or reasons for the bus idling policy.
Summer 2013
Sunday, July 21, 2013
Unit 4 B.3 #1-4 (pg. 344)
1. Since infrared radiation is heat energy, it isn't as dangerous as UV radiation, which is the most energetic form of sun radiation. UV light can cause cancer and damage living organisms because it has high enough energy to break covalent bonds.
2. Visible radiation can energize electrons in some chemical bonds. It can also scatter throughout Earth and cause red sunsets and blue skies.
3. Since there is less water vapor, infrared radiation is not stored, reradiated, and reflected back into the atmosphere but the visible and UV radiation directly exposed to the surface of the Earth is used to heat the Earth. This results in wider air-temperature fluctuations because not as much heat is stored in the clouds.
4. a. If Earth had fewer gas molecules, the daytime temperature would much cooler because infrared radiation couldn't be stored and reradiated.
b. The nighttime temperature would also be much cooler since there is less heat to store during the day.
2. Visible radiation can energize electrons in some chemical bonds. It can also scatter throughout Earth and cause red sunsets and blue skies.
3. Since there is less water vapor, infrared radiation is not stored, reradiated, and reflected back into the atmosphere but the visible and UV radiation directly exposed to the surface of the Earth is used to heat the Earth. This results in wider air-temperature fluctuations because not as much heat is stored in the clouds.
4. a. If Earth had fewer gas molecules, the daytime temperature would much cooler because infrared radiation couldn't be stored and reradiated.
b. The nighttime temperature would also be much cooler since there is less heat to store during the day.
Blog Question
Global warming is the increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming effects every region and has already caused some damage. Eventually, winters will become warmer as well as summers and farmers will have difficulty in growing crops because there might not be enough rain. Since the temperatures are increasing, glaciers are melting causing oceans to rise. With a continuous rise in ocean water, there could be major flooding in costal cities. Global warming as an international problem and there are ways to slow the temperature increase. To slow down the process, you can reduce fossil fuel use, plant trees, reduce waste, and conserve water.
Unit 4 SBS #14-20 (pg. 361)
14. Since CO2 and water vapor are both greenhouse gases, they would absorb infrared radiation, helping maintain a stable temperature.
15. a. Natural process: Burning coal and removing trees in forests
Human activity: Breathing and photosynthesis
b. Natural process: Decomposition of plants and animals
Human process: Fossil fuels and livestock
16. a. Increase in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, higher air pressure
b. Decrease in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, lower air pressure
19. Atmospheric CO2 gas, solid calcium carbonate, natural gas and organic molecules.
15. a. Natural process: Burning coal and removing trees in forests
Human activity: Breathing and photosynthesis
b. Natural process: Decomposition of plants and animals
Human process: Fossil fuels and livestock
16. a. Increase in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, higher air pressure
b. Decrease in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, lower air pressure
17. Greenhouses with transparent glass act the same way greenhouse gases change UV and visible radiation to infrared radiation in clouds and reflects heat energy within Earth. Since the infrared light can't escape glass, a green house with transparent glass is much warmer that one with wood walls.
18.
a.
b.
19. Atmospheric CO2 gas, solid calcium carbonate, natural gas and organic molecules.
20. Carbon atoms could be part of the atmosphere as a gas due to photosynthesis. They could be part of the lithosphere due to plant or animal decaying. They could be part of the hydrosphere as limestone.
Saturday, July 20, 2013
Unit 4 SBS #1-8 (pg. 360)
1. High frequency radiation is also high energy radiation. Low frequency radiation is also low energy radiation.
2. Spectrum is a good descriptor because there is a very wide range of amounts of energy in electromagnetic radiation.
3. Visible light is useful in plant photosynthesis because it can energize electrons in some chemical bonds.
4. a. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays.
b. The lower amount of energy there is on the spectrum, the less harmful the energy is. Radio waves would be the least dangerous and gamma rays would be the most.
5. UV-C radiation is effective for cleaning lab googles because it can kill bacteria and destroy viruses.
6. Infrared radiation usually doesn't reach the Earth's surface because it is absorbed by CO2 and H20 molecules in the atmosphere. Visible radiation can travel down to Earth's surface and causes red sunsets and blue skies. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere before it reaches Earth's surface.
7. Solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is reflected when it strikes snow, sand or concrete and it warms the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, as well as powering the hydrologic cycle.
8. a. Asphalt is warmed up much quicker than lake water when exposed to sunlight because it has a darker color so it can hold more heat.
2. Spectrum is a good descriptor because there is a very wide range of amounts of energy in electromagnetic radiation.
3. Visible light is useful in plant photosynthesis because it can energize electrons in some chemical bonds.
4. a. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays.
b. The lower amount of energy there is on the spectrum, the less harmful the energy is. Radio waves would be the least dangerous and gamma rays would be the most.
5. UV-C radiation is effective for cleaning lab googles because it can kill bacteria and destroy viruses.
6. Infrared radiation usually doesn't reach the Earth's surface because it is absorbed by CO2 and H20 molecules in the atmosphere. Visible radiation can travel down to Earth's surface and causes red sunsets and blue skies. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere before it reaches Earth's surface.
7. Solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is reflected when it strikes snow, sand or concrete and it warms the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, as well as powering the hydrologic cycle.
8. a. Asphalt is warmed up much quicker than lake water when exposed to sunlight because it has a darker color so it can hold more heat.
Thursday, July 18, 2013
Blog Question
Alloys are metals made by combining two or more metallic elements. They are used for transportation, construction, ductility, aircraft turbine engines, and high corrosion resistance. The properties of alloys can change according to their hardness and the amount of and element added and the processing it went through.
Unit 2 SDS #7-13 (pg. 204)
7. An alloy is a metal made by combing two or more metallic elements.
8. We use steel, which is made up of iron, carbon, and small amounts of other elements, as well as 14-carat gold, which is made of copper and silver. We use steel in kitchen utensils and plumbing fixtures and 14-carat gold to make jewelry.
9. Carbon is a nonmetal that is a component in both steel and stainless steel.
10. The chemical formula of chromium-platinum alloy is Cr3Pt. It is used in razor blade edges and one important physical property is that it is hard.
11. Semiconductors are located where metalloids are located on the periodic table.
12. Silicon, boron, and germanium are 3 elements used for doping semiconductors.
13. The main use of semiconductors is to allow computers to process digital information.
8. We use steel, which is made up of iron, carbon, and small amounts of other elements, as well as 14-carat gold, which is made of copper and silver. We use steel in kitchen utensils and plumbing fixtures and 14-carat gold to make jewelry.
9. Carbon is a nonmetal that is a component in both steel and stainless steel.
10. The chemical formula of chromium-platinum alloy is Cr3Pt. It is used in razor blade edges and one important physical property is that it is hard.
11. Semiconductors are located where metalloids are located on the periodic table.
12. Silicon, boron, and germanium are 3 elements used for doping semiconductors.
13. The main use of semiconductors is to allow computers to process digital information.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)