2. The three main processes in natural water purification are evaporation/condensation, bacterial action, and filtration. In evaporation/condensation, almost all dissolved substances. Bacterial action converts dissolved contaminants into simple compounds. In filtration, sand and gravel removes all suspended matter.
3. The properties of aluminum hydroxide are related to the process of flocculation in which aluminum hydroxide is a compound used in the process of flocculation.
4. Calcium oxide is sometimes added to final steps in municipal water treatment to neutralize acidic water.
5. Fluoride is added by a process called fluoridation and its purpose to reduce tooth decay.
6. Chlorinated drinking water has more advantages than untreated water. An advantage of chlorinated drinking water is it kills disease producing microorganisms.
7. Yes, there is a disadvantage in using chlorination in water treatment. Chlorine can react with organic compounds produced by decomposing animal and plant matter to form substances that can be harmful to human health.
8. Water may require chlorination because, even though it is from a clear water mountain stream, there could still be bacteria in the water.
9. a. Charcoal filtration
b. Ozone and ultraviolet light usage
18. If water evaporation suddenly stopped, clouds wouldn't form, it wouldn't rain, and plants couldn't be watered naturally, hindering food production.
19. Water wouldn't be able to be evaporated if it was a solid. Clouds would look like liquid water, not vapor, and nothing would be hydrated if water actually gas/vapor.
20. The EPA limits the concentration of THMs because of health concerns and risks with THMs.
21. Similar to the foul-water lab, the natural purification process also uses sand and gravel to clean the water of large solid particles.
22. a. 0.001
b. 0.007
c. 0.365
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