1. Allotropes are different forms of an element that have different physical or chemical properties.
2. Oxygen and phosphorus.
3. a. A diamond is shiny, graphite is a black/gray solid, and coal is a dark, ashy solid.
b. They have different atomic arrangements.
c. They quality and optical characteristics.
4. Engineered materials have modified properties, while natural materials come from plants, animals, or the ground.
5. Two advantages are ceramics can become substitutes for steel and they run engines with an increased efficiency. Two disadvantages are ceramics become brittle and they can fracture easily.
6. Two examples are polyethylene can be tailored to display soft and pliable properties or they can be crafted to be hard.
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