20. a. soft drink
b. black coffee
c. milk of magnesia
21. 20 times for acidic
22. a. Fish egg development
can become impaired and decrease the fish’s ability to reproduce
b. If the pH values are too high, the
alkaline solutions can dissolve organic materials, like skin and scales
c. Bodies of water with low acidic values
can also increase the concentrations of metal ions
23. Polar molecules have an
uneven distribution of electrical charges while nonpolar molecules has an even
distribution of electrical charges.
24. I would choose lamp oil
because it is a nonpolar solvent and nonpolar molecules dissolve readily in
nonpolar solvents.
25. Table salt dissolves in
water because it is a polar solvent and table salt is a polar substance.
However, cooking oil is a nonpolar solvent, which cannot dissolve polar
substances.
26. “Like dissolves like”
means polar substances dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar substances
dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
27. You cannot
satisfoactorily clean greasy dishes with just plain water because grease is a
nonpolar substance while cannot dissolve (or be gotten rid of) with a polar
solvent.
33. a. Milk of magnesia and
oven cleaner can often be found in some cleaners that mechanics use.
b. Mechanics would use these cleaners
more than others because they can get rid of greasy substances more
effectively. These cleaners can mix well with oil, which is often found in
grease, and not so well with water.
35. Hydrogen would have a
partial positive charge because in a water molecule it has a positive charge.
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